Article Level Metrics
Article level metrics are often used to indicate the impact of scholarly journal articles. The most common metrics base on citations, such as times cited and other field normalized metrics. Again, the metrics are only available for the articles indexed in the specific citation databases.
Recently, altmetrics, which captures the immediate response to the publications in online environments (e.g., social media), are gaining increasing attention. It may be useful for drafting an impact case study, which articulates significance and reach arising from research beyond academia.
Times Cited
The citation count of an article (times cited) is the number of times it is included in the reference list of other articles or books. The numbers are available for only the articles indexed in and specific to the citation databases used.
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Popular platforms include:
Reference
Field-normalized citation indicators
Field-normalized citation indicators such as Category Normalized Citation Impact (CNCI) or Field Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) represent attempts to correct for the citation variability arising from differences between fields, types, and ages of publications. In general:
The numbers are available for only the articles indexed in and specific to the citation databases used.
Use and limitations
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Access
Popular platforms include:
Indicators | Platform | Guide |
Category Normalized Citation Impact (CNCI) | InCites (for Web of Science) http://find.lib.hku.hk/record=alma991044377799703414 |
https://incites.help.clarivate.com/ Content/Indicators-Handbook/ ih-normalized-indicators.htm |
Field Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) | https://service.elsevier.com/app/ answers/detail/a_id/28192/ supporthub/scival/ |
Reference
Citations in Context
Some tools, such as "Smart Citations" by Scite and "Citing items by classification" feature in Web of Science, help to reveal how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation and a classification system describing whether it provides supporting or contrasting evidence for the cited claim, or if it just mentions it.
Use and limitations
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Access
Popular platforms include:
Indicators | Platform | Guide |
Smart Citations | Scite http://find.lib.hku.hk/record=HKU_IZ61623882910003414 |
https://help.scite.ai/en-us/article/ how-are-citations-classified-1a9j78t/ |
Citing items by classification |
Web of Science |
https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/ release-notes/wos/ new-wos-may-12-release-notes/ |
References
Nicholson, J. M., Mordaunt, M., Lopez, P., Uppala, A., Rosati, D., Rodrigues, N. P., Grabitz, P., & Rife, S. C. (2021). scite: A smart citation index that displays the context of citations and classifies their intent using deep learning. Quantitative Science Studies, 2(3), 882-898. https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00146
Nicholson, J. M., Uppala, A., Sieber, M., Grabitz, P., Mordaunt, M., & Rife, S. C. (2021). Measuring the quality of scientific references in Wikipedia: an analysis of more than 115M citations to over 800 000 scientific articles. Febs j, 288(14), 4242-4248. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15608
Altmetrics
Altmetrics (Alternative metrics) attempts to capture the amount of attention a research output has received in non-academic outlets. It has gained attention as online platforms such as social media, online reference managers, scholarly blogs, and online repositories are deeply embedded into the system of scholarly communication. Different types of altmetric scores, which can be calculated for articles, books, data sets, presentations, and more, can be obtained from a range of commercial providers.
Use and limitations
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Access
Altmetric Explorer: http://find.lib.hku.hk/record=alma991044668008803414
Reference